Title: A Simulation Study on Controlling Excitation Current of Synchronous Motor and Reactive Power Compensation via PSO Based PID and PID Controllers

Abstract: The increasing need for energy requires using existing energy sources more efficiently. Because it is the active power that supplies useful power for industrial facilities, reactive power must be minimized, and supplied by another source instead of electrical grid. Therefore, reactive power supplied by the grid can be reduced via by correcting power factor of the grid. In electrical power systems, power factor correction is called reactive power compensation. Generating reactive power during excessive excitation, synchronous motors are used as dynamic compensators in power systems. Synchronous motors are more cost-effective for industrial facilities when they are used to generate mechanic power and compensate reactive power, which increases the efficiency of industrial facilities. There are various studies focusing on the efficiency, capacity and stability of the power system via reactive power compensation in the literature. In today's world, there are numerous optimization techniques inspired by biological systems. One of these techniques is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) inspired by the movements of swarms of birds. This study focuses on the reactive power compensation of a power system by controlling the excitation current of a synchronous motor via PSO based PID and Ziegler Nichols (Z-N) based PID controllers.

Keywords: Excitation current; particle swarm optimization

Başlık: PSO Tabanlı PID ve PID Denetleyiciler ile Senkron Motorun Uyartım Akım Denetimi ve Reaktif Güç Kompanzasyonu Benzetim Çalışması

Özet: Enerji talebinin her geçen gün daha da artması mevcut enerji kaynaklarının verimli bir şekilde kullanılmasını gerektirmektedir. Endüstriyel tesislerde harcanan yararlı güç aktif güç olduğundan bu tesislerde tüketilen reaktif güç minimuma indirilmeli, ya da bu ihtiyaç şebeke yerine başka bir kaynaktan sağlanmalıdır. Dolayısıyla şebekenin güç faktörü düzeltilerek kaynaktan çekilen reaktif güç azaltılır. Elektrik güç sistemlerinde güç faktörü düzeltilmesi işlemi reaktif güç kompanzasyonu olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Aşırı uyartılması durumunda kapasitif reaktif güç üreten senkron motorlar güç sistemlerinde dinamik kompanzatör olarak kullanılırlar. Senkron motorun hem mekanik güç üretmede hem de reaktif güç kompanzasyonunda kullanılması endüstriyel tesisler için daha ekonomik olmaktadır. Bu durum endüstriyel tesislerin verimini arttırmaktadır. Literatürde reaktif güç kompanzasyonu ile güç sisteminin verimliliğini, kapasitesini ve değişik çalışma koşullarında kararlılığını sağlayabilmek için birçok çalışma bulunmaktadır. Günümüzde biyolojik sistemlerden esinlenilmiş birçok optimizasyon tekniği bulunmaktadır. Bu tekniklerden biri de kuş sürülerinin davranışlarından esinlenerek ortaya çıkarılmış bir optimizasyon yöntemi olan Parçacık Sürüsü Optimizasyonudur (PSO). Bu çalışmada PSO tabanlı PID ve Ziegler Nichols (Z-N) tabanlı PID denetleyiciler ile senkron motorun uyartım akımı denetlenerek bir güç sisteminin reaktif güç kompanzasyonu yapılmıştır.

Anahtar kelimeler: Uyartım Akımı; parçacık sürü optimizasyonu

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